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The artistic work of Oskar Schlemmer (1888–1943) is closely associated with the institution of the Bauhaus.

From 1921, first at the Bauhaus in Weimar and then from 1925 to 1932 in Dessau, Schlemmer found opportunities to experiment with new artistic ideas, and an important contribution he made to Bauhaus art was to unite the various fields of artistic creation in his idea of a comprehensive, 'total' art. He himself was a painter, muralist, sculptor, draughtsman, graphic artist, stage designer and teacher all in one.

He was particularly interested in the depiction of the human figure and its relationship to space. From the mid-1920s, especially between 1929 and 1932, Schlemmer created increasingly complex compositions of figures and space. The Von der Heydt Museum owns an important example of this series in the form of the painting 'Group of Twelve with Interior' from 1930. The composition shows a particular constellation in which the posture, position, rotation and movement of the figures in relation to the space appear significant. Schlemmer's geometric formal language is based on constructivism. In line with the constructivist tendencies of the time, Schlemmer formulated a new image of man through which he expressed his metaphysical view of the world.